Jurisprudence Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Statute Law - Essay Example The law idea brings to the table a record of the most basic or significant parts of a legitimate framework and furthermore represents the laws normativity4. It is critical to set up the fundamental parts of law with the goal that it is conceivable to separate the legitimate and non-lawful and furthermore the lawful legitimacy and the lawful weakness. The law is broadly known as a social foundation that impacts the sensible thinking of specialists. Social realities involve what is considered as law and what isn't considered as law; therefore we can decide the legitimacy of the law by alluding to social sources rather than moral assessment. Law isn't basically mandatory on account of its profound quality legitimacy. Judges and legal advisors ought not mess with the inquiry if a law is simply or not yet in the event that there is any law of a specific issue. The law has specific highlights, and it have them due to its very quintessence or nature as law any place and at whatever point it is established5. The law is a regulating social practice since it affirms to coordinate human activities, realizing an explanations behind making a move. There is have to grasp the general conditions that would render a wide range of acknowledged standard lawfully substantial. Judges and attorneys ought to consider the wellspring of the standard just as the matter of the substance of the norm(s). This involves the general inquiry on the lawful legitimacy conditions. Second, the regulating highlight of the law ought to likewise intrigue the attorneys and judges. Each legitimate standard must be made out of a danger upheld by sanctions. This takes in two unique cases. Regardless, a law ought to be regulating and standards, which are upheld by authorizations of the political self-sufficiency. Second, the nearby interrelatedness between the law and... The law is a standardizing social practice since it states to coordinate human activities, achieving a purposes behind making a move. There is have to grasp the general conditions that would render a wide range of acknowledged standard lawfully substantial. Judges and legal advisors ought to consider the wellspring of the standard just as the matter of the substance of the norm(s). This involves the general inquiry on the lawful legitimacy conditions. Second, the regulating highlight of the law ought to likewise intrigue the attorneys and judges. Each lawful standard must be made out of a danger upheld by sanctions. This takes in two unique cases. In any case, a law ought to be regulating and standards, which are bolstered by assents of the political autonomy.â Second, the nearby interrelatedness between the law and danger of forcing sanctions is a postulation about the law’s normativity. From the ethical viewpoint, we can't take the acknowledgment controls in themselves as reason for prerequisite to adhere to the law. The law is an organized regularizing framework, which is maintained by an understanding among the authorities (judges and legal counselors) who apply the guidelines and who are in a way separated from the ordinary operations of significant worth and reason. Then again judges and legal counselors lawful standards get their power from a mix of substance based or the source-based contemplations. Laws are respectability law suggestions, which are valid in the event that they follow if figure in from the standards of reasonableness, equity, and the fair treatment of procedure.

Company Profile of Rahimafrooz Bangladesh Ltd”

† [pic] Founder Late A. C. Abdur Rahim (1915-1982) Rahimafrooz Bangladesh Limited 01. Foundation Rahimafrooz Bangladesh Limited was built up in 1950A. D. as an exchanging organization. Late A. C. Abdur Rahim was the owner in this time. From 1954 it was built up as a restricted organization. In the new condition he needed to begin once again. He had minimal capital. His fundamental resources were self-assurance and a solid confidence in the Almighty, which helped him through all the troubles with a striking triumph. He at long last settled a little exclusive exchanging organization named Rahimafrooz Co, in Chittagong in 1950 which was later consolidated on fifteenth April 1954, which is currently Rahimafrooz (Bangladesh) Ltd. Rahimafrooz extended quickly into different exchanging things. Inside 5 years, Mr. Rahim had the option to go into a joint endeavor with Lucas (UK) to set up an advanced car battery plant. He gained the chief organization Lucas Service Ltd in 1980 which is currently known as Rahimafrooz Batteries Ltd. Aside from business, he drew in himself in generous exercises. Every single through hello there life he was regarded for his qualities and caring mentality. Following a couple of years he left that activity and wandered into a little association business. During mid 1940s, he got dynamic in business exchanging of rare things and increased important experience. In 1947, he chose to move to Chittagong to live in a situation of strict opportunity. pic] Rahimafrooz Bangladesh Limited was begun in business concurrence with world acclaimed England battery organization Lucas from 1959. Later on, they set up a ultramodern battery creation processing plant in Nakhalpara Tejgaon, Dhaka with the â€Å"Lucas† Brand name. At that point from 1980 it got permit from the Engla nd Lucas Company teaming up mechanical and data support. He died on the fourteenth March 1982 in London deserting his fantasy, Rahimafrooz. At present Rahimafrooz has been delivering and advertising different sorts of batteries like car battery, stockpiling battery and so on. Rahimafrooz Bangladesh Ltd. lso has been promoting world well known tire â€Å"Dunlop†. Presently Rahimafrooz Bangladesh Ltd. is associated with different sorts of creation dissemination and office transport business. 02. Vision â€Å"To be pioneer in each market portion by being the most favored flexibly wellspring of value items and administrations with high level of client enchant. † 03. Statement of purpose 1. †¢ Increase volume esteem share 2. †¢ Reduce per unit dissemination cost 3. †¢ Increase item portfolio 4. †¢ Strength conveyance arrange 5. †¢ Ensure quality individuals with significant level responsibility 6. †¢ Benchmark client administrations. 04. Achiev ements |1954 |Incorporated by Mr. A. C. Abdur Rahimâ | |1959 |Distributorship of Lucas Battery | |1978 |Exclusive distributorship of Dunlop tire | |1980 |Acquisition of Bangladesh tasks of Lucas UK | |1985 |First maker of mechanical battery | |1985 |Pioneering Solar Power in a joint effort with BP | |1992 |First ever battery fares to Singapore | |1993 |Launched Rahimafrooz Instant Power System | |1994 |Acquisition of Yuasa Batteries (Bangladesh) Ltd and propelled Excel Retreads. |1997 |Attained ISO 9002 confirmation for RBL activities | |2000 |First India office opened in Ahmedabad | |2001 |Awarded â€Å"Bangladesh Enterprise of the Year† | |2001 |Attained ISO 14001:1996 for RBL tasks | |2001 |Launched â€Å"Agora† †the first historically speaking retail chain | |2002 |Launched Rahimafrooz Energy Service advancing circulated power | |2003 |Established Rahimafrooz CNG Ltd. |2003 |Awarded â€Å"National Export Trophy† | |2004 |Metro net Bangladesh, a fiber optic based computerized arrangement supp lier for dataâ communication, launchedâ in joint | |venture with Flora Telecom | |2004 |Received McGraw-Hill Platt Global Energy Award for Renewable Energy | |2004 |The Group praised its 50th commemoration on April 15, with a recharged, upgraded promise to being fruitful | |while maintaining its guiding principle | |2006 |Received the â€Å"Ashden Award† for Sustainable Energy | |2009 |Established Rahimafrooz Globatt Limited and Rahimafrooz Accumulators  limited | |2009 |Rahimafrooz launched multi brand consumer electronics outlet UREKA | |2009â |Rahimafrooz propelled widely acclaimed purchaser hardware brand Daewoo | |2010 |Rahimafrooz Inaugurates its greatest and most current distribution center at Hemayatpur, Savar. | 05. Item Service Products: Rahimafrooz essentially manages hardware items like (TV, FRIEDGE, IPS, BATTERY, Tire, LUBRICANTS and so forth). The brands that Rahimafrooz dispatch are given below†¦ [pic] Service: Rahimafrooz Bang ladesh Ltd administration focus is arranged in 13 Mahakhali business zones in Dhaka. Here the result of Rahimafrooz is sold and adjusting too. Here the administration is done in present day electronic framework. The grumblings are additionally illuminated and handle from here. [pic] 06. Association graph [pic] 07. Grants Achievements [pic]â â [pic]â â â [pic] Asia’s Best Brandâ â â â â â â Asia’s Best Employer     C FE, CSR            CMO Award 2010â â â â  CMO Award 2010           Award 2008 [pic]â â â â [pic]â â â â â [pic] Brand Leadership         Ashden Awardâ â â â â â National Export Trophy  â â â Award 2008â â â â â â â â â â â â Award 2006â â â â â â â â â  â Award 2001-2002 08. Conveyance Network The maker and distributer must conclude how to circulate their items. Working through the entire merchants, vendors or specialists for the most part is simplest method of entering in the market. Entire merchants and sellers consider about expense and traffic stream, commission before keeping an item in the store. Area is less a worry for items or administrations that clients are happy to make a special effort to discover. 08. 1: Dealers They are the approved seller who manages the particular brand. (John M. Rathmell, Manager of the Marketing Function. John Wiley Sons, Inc. ) 08. 2: Retailers Traditional: Home to home, general stores, single line stores, forte shops, retail chains, inventory retailers, arranged strip malls The Mass Marketers: Supermarkets and rebate houses (John M. Rathmell, Managing the Marketing Function. John Wiley Sons, Inc. ) 08. 3: Wholesalers Definition: Wholesaling is worried about the exercises of those people or foundations who offer to retailers and different traders, or to modern, institutional, and business clients. Be that as it may, who don't sell in noteworthy adds up to extreme shoppers. Be that as it may, in the tire advertise, the distributer fills the need of the retailer simultaneously. Capacities from the maker point of view: give some portion of selling Four techniques can be delivered through the tows framework. SO system speaks to inner solidarity to exploit with the outside condition. WO technique speaks to the inside shortcoming and to conquer that shortcoming by the outside circumstance. ST procedure speaks to the quality of the organization and to over come that the danger by the quality. WT techniques are guarded strategies aimed at decreasing inside shortcoming and keeping away from outside dangers. 09. Publicizing Promotion [pic] Rahimafrooz Company constrained cautiously incorporates and facilitates its numerous interchanges channels to convey an unmistakable, steady, and persuading message about the association and its items. [pic]Rahimafrooz is utilizing a wide range of limited time manage the cost of including: †¢Print Media †¢Broadcast media †¢Outdoor Media †¢Internet Websites Rahimafrooz is utilizing immense special bear the cost of in print media. This is the greatest limited time manage the cost of ofâ the organization. They are giving notice on the news paper, they are likewise distributing there own pamphlet administration through by them. [pic] Advancement, in its broadest sense, gives additional motivating forces to any gathering that is a significant factor in the advertising of a brand. It is frequently coordinated to the customer or to the exchange or other powerful gathering. It is utilized to energize deals or buy an item. (Head of showcasing eighth version Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong) 09. 1: TRADE SALES PROMOTION TECHNIQUES Push Policy underscores advancements concentrated on the following mediator. Exchange deals advancement procedures animate wholesalers and retailers to convey items and to advertise them forcefully. Makers use deals advancement methods to urge affiliates to convey their items and to advance them all the more adequately. 09. 2: TYPES OF SALES PROMOTIONS Tests (offer customer for trail), Coupon (endorsement that gives purchaser reserve funds), Cash discount (Refund cash who send a proof of procurement), Price pack (Reduce cost set apart by maker), Patronage reward (compensation for normal use), Discounts (direct decrease of value), Allowance (cash offered to the vender to highlight the fabricates item) (Principal of advertising eighth version Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong) 09. 3: PREMIUM ITEMS Offer free or at least expense as a little something extra. Use to draw in contenders clients, various sizes of set up items. Study recognized from the net that Burger King with the Lion King film was offered barely any years back in USA. 10. SWOT Analysis The SWOT examination is a significant advance in your situational investigation. Surveying your firm’s qualities, shortcomings, advertise openings, and dangers through a SWOT investigation is an exceptionally basic procedure that can offer ground-breaking knowledge into the potential and basic issues influencing an endeavor. 10. 1: Strength o High organization notoriety. o Enable to give considerably more consumer loyalty than contenders. o Higher item quality. o Provide higher assistance quality. o Distribution adequacy is superior to the others.

5 Tips for Paying Off a Cash Advance

5 Tips for Paying Off a Cash Advance 5 Tips for Paying Off a Cash Advance 5 Tips for Paying Off a Cash AdvanceIf youre not careful, taking out a cash advance to bridge a short-term financial gap could leave you in a long-term financial bind.One of the biggest selling points for cash advances is their simplicity: You borrow a couple  hundred bucks, and a few weeks later you pay it back plus interest. That’s it!Actually, no. That’s not it. If you’re not careful, that cash advance could land you in an ever deeper financial hole than the one you started inâ€"even if you pay it off on time. Here’s how cash advances work.Are you familiar with payday loans? Because cash advances and payday loans are basically the same things. They are the “flammable” and “inflammable” of the short-term lending world.Payday cash advances are short-term, small-dollar no credit check loans that are intended to help tide borrowers over until the next paycheck. Well, at least that’s how they’re supposed to work. The truth is a little more complicated.These types of bad credit loans usually come with an average loan amount of only a few hundred dollarsâ€"although the total amount you can borrow will vary depending on what state you live in. They also charge interest as a flat fee, with an average interest charge of 15 percent.The enticing thing about a cash advance loan is that it lets you get out of debt quicklyâ€"but that doesn’t mean that paying one off is easy. In fact, taking out a cash advance loan could easily land you in debt for hundreds of days instead of a mere dozen.1. Plan ahead.Unlike installment loans, which are paid off in a series of regular payments over time, cash advance loans are repaid in a single lump sum, often only a few weeks after the loan is issued. Payment is usually made via a post-dated check or an automatic debit agreement.Given all this, it might seem like repayment is something you don’t have to worry about. But that’s not the case. If you don’t plan ahead, that payment could end up landing you in a pr edatory cycle of debt. (More on that later.)Your payment for this cash advance loan shouldn’t be a “set it and forget it” kind of thing. Look at your monthly budget and make sure that you not only have the money in your account to cover the payment but that you’ll also have enough money in your account afterward to cover the rest of your bills.If you’ve already taken out the loan but find that your payment will blow yet another hole in your budget, then see where you can cut back in order to patch it up. The more on top of your finances you areâ€"even when dealing with a small-dollar cash advance loanâ€"the less likely you are to get burned.2. Save money.When you take out a cash advance, the due date is probably going to be set for your next payday. So you don’t have to worry, right? Those funds will just come out of your next paycheck and you’ll be good to go.Not so fast. It’s all too easy for this mindset to lead you  down a dangerous path that ends in the jaws of a predatory debt trap. With those lump sum repayments that withdraw hundreds of dollars from your account at once, you might find yourself facing another budget shortfall sooner rather than later.So instead, save whatever money you can in advance of your loan’s due date. The more money you can save, the bigger the financial cushion you’ll have once those funds are withdrawn from your account. That way, you wont need to take out a second cash advance loan to cover paying off your first one.3. Don’t pay lateâ€"or early.With any loan, making your payment on-time is a good rule to follow. Late payments mean extra fees and charges; and with many loans, it could end up negatively impacting your credit score.Even though most cash advance lenders don’t report payment informationâ€"meaning your score won’t be affectedâ€"an extra charge on top of the interest you already owe is the last thing you need.But here’s where cash advances are a little different: Paying them off early won ’t save you any money either.With standard personal loans and credit cards, interest is accrued slowly over time. The longer the loan or card is outstanding, the more interest the borrower owes; and the earlier that the borrower can pay it off, the more money they’ll save overall.Not so with cash advances. Since they charge interest as a flat fee, the amount you owe will be the same on the day the loan is issued as it will be on the day the loan is due. This means that paying off your cash advance loan ahead of schedule carries few financial benefitsâ€"if any.4. Don’t roll it over.One of the main reasons steps one and two on this list are important is because they’ll help you out with this step. Rolling over a cash advance loan is one of the best ways possible to end up trapped in an ongoing cycle of debt.Rolling over a cash advance is pretty simple: You have to pay a portion of what you oweâ€"oftentimes just the interest thats dueâ€"and in return, you get a brand new loan t erm. Instead of paying off the loan now, you can pay it off two weeks from now!But here’s the problem: That new loan term doesn’t just mean a new due date, it also means a new interest charge. This effectively doubles the cost of your loan in a single sitting. If you were paying $45 to borrow a $300 online loan, now you’re paying $90, without actually borrowing any additional money.As you might be able to tell, the interest rates for cash advance loans seem reasonable at first. But they add up fast. In fact, the annual percentage rate (APR) for a two-week cash advance with a 15 percent interest charge is a staggering 391 percent!If you get into the habit of rolling over your cash advance loans, you’re basically throwing money away. What’s worse, those regular payments you’re making to extend the due date are making it harder and harder to save up the money you need to pay the loan off altogether!That’s how a cycle of debt works. And it should come as no surprise that l oan rollover is actually banned in many states for exactly this reason.5. Build an emergency fund.Okay, this one is cheating slightly. Building up a well-stocked emergency fund won’t help you pay off a cash advance, but it will help you escape the need for any additional cash advances in the future.Unlike money that you have saved for retirement, an emergency fund is there to help you during, well, emergencies! It’s often kept in cash somewhere that you can easily access it.While many experts recommend having an emergency fund big enough to cover six month’s worth of expenses, that’s probably a long way down the line. If you’re just starting your first emergency fund, aim for $1,000. That should help cover many surprise bills or budget shortfalls you might encounter. Goodbye cash advance, hello financial stability!Think about your emergency fund like its your own personal lender. You get the money you need when times are tough, then you pay the money back when times are go od. The best part: You don’t have to pay any interest at all!To learn more about budgeting, saving money, and earning extra income, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:Building Your Financial Life: Budgeting for Beginners10 Good Money Habits to Make Your Friends Jealous8 Ways To Save Money Today, Tomorrow and Every Day AfterNeed Cash Fast? Try These 10 Great Side HustlesDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |Instagram

HARRIS Surname Meaning and Origin

Harris is generally considered to mean son of Harry. The given name Harry is a derivation of Henry, meaning home-ruler. Like many patronymic surnames, the surnames HARRIS and HARRISON are often found used interchangeably in early records - sometimes with the same family. Harris is the 24th most popular surname in the United States according to the 2000 census and the 22nd most common surname in England. Surname Origin: English, WelshAlternate Surname Spellings: HARRISON, HARIS, HARRIES, HARRISS, HARRYS, HARYS, HERRICE, HERRIES Fun Facts The popular Harris Tweed cloth takes its name from the Isle of Harris in Scotland. The cloth was originally handwoven by islanders on the Isles of Harris, Lewis, Uist and Barra in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland, using local wool. Famous People with the Surname HARRIS Arthur Harris - Marshal Arthur Bomber Harris, Commander in Chief of the Royal Air Force Bomber Command during World War IIFranco Harris - NFL running back, Pittsburgh Steelers. Best known for his immaculate reception during a 1972 AFC divisional playoff gameBernard Harris - 1st African-American to walk in spaceJillian Harris - star of the reality TV show The Bachelorette, 5th seasonNeil Patrick Harris - American actorMary Harris - early 1900s labor organizer; best known as Mother Jones Genealogy Resources for the Surname HARRIS Harris Y-DNA Project: If you are a male and have the Harris (or a variant spelling of the) surname, then this Y-DNA project invites you to join to help establish as many Harri lines as possible.HARRIS/HARRIES/HERRIES/HARRISS Genealogy: Genealogist Glenn Gohr has compiled a nice collection of information and genealogy on Thomas Harris (c. 1586 of England and Virginia, as well as general information about the Harris surname.Harris Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Harris surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Harris query. There is also a separate forum for the HARRISON surname.FamilySearch - HARRIS Genealogy: Find records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Harris surname and its variations.HARRIS Surname Family Mailing Lists: RootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Harris surname.Cousin Connect - HARRIS Genealogy Queries: Read or post genealogy queries for the su rname Harris, and sign up for free notification when new Harris queries are added.DistantCousin.com - HARRIS Genealogy Family History: Free databases and genealogy links for the last name Harris. Cant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins. Sources: Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005.Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004.Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

The Tension Between National Security And Individual Privacy

The Situation The tension between national security and individual privacy has long existed even before the development of digitized information. Recently, two main forces have advanced the debate over this balance to the forefront of the public eye: 1) the proliferation of data by private sector companies and 2) the heightened need for homeland security and public defense. With the rapid evolution of technology, companies have aggregated pools of consumer data to improve upon internal decision making. In some cases, however, this data can be leveraged to ensure national security and public safety. This juxtaposition of enterprise and security results in a blurring of the line dividing public and private sector responsibilities. The question becomes an issue of moral obligation versus legal responsibility. What are we as consumers and citizens willing to sacrifice in exchange for safety? And does the private sector inevitably succumb to obligations originating from the public sector? The company on the forefront of this issue is Apple. After the tragic events in San Bernardino, CA on December 2, 2015, the United States FBI located an iPhone 5C belonging to one of the terrorists. The FBI, however, was unable to access the phone and formally requested Apple to unlock the device to facilitate the search for information about the killers. Apple swiftly refused and after several weeks of back and forth, the FBI filed a case against Apple (Nakashima April 2016). This caseShow MoreRelatedLack Of Privacy On The Internet1404 Words   |  6 PagesThere seems to be no legal issue today that cuts so wide a swath through conflicts confronting American society like privacy. From AIDS tests to wiretaps, polygraph tests to computerized data bases, the common denominator has been whether the right to privacy outweighs other concerns of society. And with more and more people using the Internet, more and more information being passed over the Internet, more problems arise. 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Snowden was just a symptom of the rising lawless international arena that exists in cyberspace. While technically the entire international system lacks policing, cyberspace has the unique feature of connecting every country at the click of a button, bringing citizens and industries in direct contact with each other outside of inte rnational guidelines. With an increasing understanding of technology and innovation, the security of privateRead MorePrivacy in the Workplace Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesPrivacy in the Workplace In recent times our right to privacy has been under fire, particularly in the workplace. With the fear of terrorists in todays world, we have been willing to sacrifice some of our individual rights for the rights of a society as a whole. A majority of these changes have taken place since September 11, 2001, in an attempt to prevent future terrorist attacks. 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From Jack Kevorkian to Terry Schiavo Free Essays

From Jack Kevorkian to Terry Schiavo, much media attention has been given in recent years to the question of the right to die. Most American states have laws against taking one’s own life and many also have specific laws against assisted suicide. Many others charge those who would assist with suicide with manslaughter or attempted murder. We will write a custom essay sample on From Jack Kevorkian to Terry Schiavo or any similar topic only for you Order Now Opponents of euthanasia say that there is no provision in American law for the right to die. Many specific rights are spelled out in the Bill of Rights and others have been granted through the Constitution and its amendments, but nowhere has the law granted a person the right to die. Proponents claim the right is inherent, God-given and a matter of free will. The truth lies somewhere in between. Americans should have the right to determine when their lives should end. That right is granted them by the Declaration of Independence. Americans have the right to die, as it is included in the right to life, the right of self-determination and the pursuit of happiness. The first legal standard allowing Americans to choose to die should be the words of founding father Thomas Jefferson. In writing the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson said that people should have the right to â€Å"life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. † By simple logic, death is an inherent part of life and therefore should be protected by Jefferson’s words. As death is the ending of life and the right to life is guaranteed by the Declaration, it is clear that citizens should be afford the right to die as they choose. By guaranteeing people the right to life and liberty, Jefferson may have been simply spouting the philosophies of John Locke and others, but he inadvertently guaranteed people the liberty to choose their own death. Clearly, in 1776, the concept of keeping people alive through the use of machines was not a consideration. However, Jefferson makes it clear that self-determination is a right of the people. It is that very self-determination that gave the American colonies the right to revolt against England and form their own country. That same right of self-determination should also apply to the average citizen. Nothing is more a matter of personal freedom than the right to die. Other cultures have long practiced this form of self-determination. In many cultures, the sick, infirmed or elderly would leave their society to die when they decided it was time. The concept that society has become more civilized should not prevent people from making this choice if they desire. The reality is that modern medicine has allowed many people to live beyond what would once have been a normal life expectancy. Many of those people regret their longevity as they feel isolated, due to the deaths of contemporaries, and feel the guilt of being a financial or emotional burden on their families. Others do not want to face the pain of chronic disease. These people have earned the right to do as they please and by the theory of self-determination, they should be granted that right. Finally, the Declaration grants people the right to â€Å"the pursuit of happiness. † Again, despite the advances of modern medicine, there is no guarantee that simply lengthening a person’s life grants them additional happiness. In fact, some elderly persons are simply lonely and in pain. The pursuit of happiness for them might include an end to their suffering and as such, the right to die. The simple matter is that by guaranteeing people the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness and by predicating our society on the right of self-determination, America has already made it clear that the right to die is inherent in our beliefs. It should be as clear as the right to freedom of the press or the right to bear arms. Unfortunately, though we preach a separation of church and state, America is also a religious country and the right to die will not be acknowledged until the fear of the moral repercussions is overcome. How to cite From Jack Kevorkian to Terry Schiavo, Papers

Symposium on Computers and Informatics

Question: Discuss about the Symposium on Computers and Informatics. Answer: Introduction Virgin Australia Holdings Limited (VAH) established as Virgin Blue in the year 2000, which engaged in providing domestic as well as international network services from the main hub Brisbane Airport services. The VAH ltd. is segregated through different segments such as Virgin Australia, Virgin Samoa, Virgin Australia Regional Airlines and Tigerair Australia. Presently, it is considered to be a global brand, as the company is able to expand more than 300 companies along with 50,000 number of workforce across the world. The company deals in the financial service, transportation, travel, fitness, music, media and mobile. The VAH ltd. is also listed under the ASX (Australian Securities Exchange), whose main proprietors are Singapore Airlines, Air New Zealand, and Etihad Airways. In the year 2014, the Pacific Blue again integrated with the Virgin Australia (CAPA, 2016). The major competitor of VAH Ltd. includes Quanta Airline, which deals in providing quality air services within a less possible cost with the help of its subsidiaries including Jester. Apart from this, other competitors include Singapore Airlines Ltd and United Continental Holdings Ltd. The company majorly concentrates on the businessmen, corporate and foreigners from the USA as the potential customers of the company (CAPA, 2016). The study intends to determine the risk profile of the company along with the initiative implemented by the company to identify and mitigate the risks. To elaborate the possible risk associated with the company, the paper accordingly examines the financial performance and returns of the VAH Ltd. In addition, the time value of money, the funds sources such as equity and debt and dividend policy of the company are also determined in the paper. Risk Profile The risk profile enables to determine the ability of an organization to identify the risk factors, which help the company to alleviate these potential risks and threats. With the support of appropriate risk management, the company can reduce the probable risks, which in turn can enhance the effectiveness of the work process. It further ensures less financial loss and brings out the appropriate methods and techniques to identify the risk examine the consequence and implement appropriate measures. As per the risk profile of VAH Ltd, to manage the risk, the audit and risk management committee will need to have direct link with the employees and seek for the advice or feedback to perform the duties efficiently. Concerning the internal operation of the company, it is observed that the board committee of VAH Ltd has initiated the audit and risk management committee to concentrate on the safety and operational risk and to maintain the risk management system including financial, safety and security, commercial, operations of the group (Virgin Australia 2014). Since the company operates in the global market, VAH Ltd has to deal with a huge number of risks related to the national as well as international airline industry. In this regard, the most possible risk faced by the company includes rising cost of fuel. In addition to this, consistently increasing number of airports has also become a huge threat to VAH Ltd, as other companies have started to provide alternatives of transportation for the customers, thereby making the competition tougher. Besides, another risk to the company is regarded as the increasing cost for ensuring air traffic safety and landing, or transit fees that affects the fina ncial status of the company. Stating precisely, the company needs to maintain a particular level of service quality as per the current market trend to retain its potential customers, as other competitors aimed to attract the customers by providing better services within lower price range. Hence, by maintaining such trend the company might be unable to balance the cost and service, which on the other hand can affect its overall financial abilities as well. The government policies and changes in technologies can also affect the company to operate efficiently, as due to currency and liquidity risk, the company might fail to meet their financial obligations in the present competitive market situation (Virgin Australia 2014). Financial and Return Performance The financial performance is usually examined to measure the extent to which the objectives of companies are being accomplished, which also has a huge contribution in managing the financial risks that might be raised during the work process. In this contemporary market, the industry has experienced huge transformation within few years for which every company further needs to change its process as well. Evaluating the financial performance is helpful, which assists to obtain knowledge regarding the companys overall financial status as per the market condition within a given period of time as well as in determining the profitability and financial growth (1Drake Fabozzi, 2012). As per the report presented by The Financial Times Ltd (2016), it can be understood that VAH Ltd has been constantly going through loss due to fall in the net income of 135.47% despite having growth in the revenues. The main reason behind the loss is the increasing percentage of sales and administrative costs that accounted for 34.66% to 36.94% (The Financial Times Ltd, 2016). In addition, the company has a debt in total capital ratio of 76.95%, which is lower as compared to the last year. The records of the company show that the earnings per share has been declined by -134.77%, whereas the cash reserve has been increased by 9.27% and the total revenues incurred through the cash flow is 5.26% (The Financial Times Ltd, 2016). According to the financial performance of the VAH was $5,021.0 million, which has been increased by 5.7% in the financial year 2015. The EBIT of the company recorded as $210.6 million, which has also been increased by $144.7 million (Virgin Australia Group, 2016). Therefore, based on the financial performance of the company it can be asserted that the company is able to perform effectively. However, it still has a chance to improve the net income by maximizing the cash flows from operations (Virgin Australia Group, 2016). Application of Time Value of Money The time value of money determines the value of the currency in the present market, which shows the advantages of receiving money in the present day instead of in the future. It is mostly included while dealing with the investment analysis, loans and making the financial decisions as per the company requirements (2Drake Fabozzi, 2009). The time value of money can be applied from different prospective areas, which include capital budgeting, bond valuation and stock valuation, which are further segregated into two groups namely the present value and the future value. The present value determines the cash flow to be received in the future rather has more value in the present situation. However, the future value determines the investment of the present will be added in the future. In order to apply the time value of money, the company will require to have effective marketing strategies and with a better financially capable (2Drake Fabozzi, 2009). The VAH Ltd has taken initiatives for restructuring the provision and optimizing the fleet as well as to minimize the future cost. The company has also conducted hedging program, which helps in managing the adverse fluctuation of prices in assets. In the year 2014, the hedging program has enabled the company to accomplish efficient fuel and foreign exchange rate. Therefore, the result obtained was more favorable in comparison to the current market price. Concerning the present situation, the company still holds a strong position in terms of its case flow along with strong balance sheet and liquidity (Virgin Australia, 2014). Therefore, the VAH with its effective strategies and better financial performance still has possibility to expand its earning capacity in future (Virgin Australia, 2014). Sources of Finance: Equity and Debt The sources enable the company to raise its funds, which can be in the form of capital market, retained earnings and loans. In this regard, the company needs to be financially capable to gain high growth and profitability in the market along with the increasing competition. The maturity of the business also plays a crucial role in determining the appropriate funding sources, wherein retaining the tangible assets can help the company to attain the financing sources more easily rather than the intangible assets. The debt refers to burrowing of money, which is supposed to be paid within an expected time period by the company and the equity is considered as the investment made by the owners that do not have specific date of reimbursement (IVCC, 2009). The equity shares have significant role in order to meet the financial needs of the company. The objective of VAH is to produce quality products and services as well as manage the financial system effectively. The funds obtained through equity sources therefore enable the company to manage and fulfill their objectives, wherein it does not become mandatory for the company to pay the dividends. In case the companys financial conditions depend on the equity sources, it might burrow the debt from any other financial institutions as per the requirements (IVCC 2009). On the other hand, the company can also conduct its operations with the help of debt financing. The debt is an important source of fund in particular projects through which the company with efficient record of credit will be needed. To utilize the debt financing, the company should have sufficient cash for reimbursement of loan. The debt financing can be considered as total amount of the cash burrowed form the moneylender, which would be at the anticipated date of maturity at the fixed rate of interests. The debt can be in form of the sale of bonds or loans. In this case, the primary amount must be paid within the date of maturity. Considering the stated fact, the company alone is not liable to change the rule that is set for the transaction, where the lenders holds the right to lend the cash and can order to return the same (Turner Doty, 2007). VAH Ltd is an airline industry is a public company, which is recognized to be one of the leading companies. The sources of the company are generated through the Space and Air transport in Australian Industry. According to the report presented by Bloomberg (2016), VAH is continuously making negative returns on equity with a total debt of A$2.1 billion, which was recorded in the year ended 2015. The long-term debt of $1,572 million of VAH for three months was ended by June 2016, whereas the total equity for the quarter was $675 million and the debt to equity was $3.29 million at the end of June 2016. Therefore, it can be identified that the company is involved in financing for the business growth with debt and volatility in earnings (Freed, 2016). The VAH is able to secure loan facility of $425 AUD from its main shareholders including Etihad Airways, Singapore Airlines, Virgin Group and Air New Zealand. This loan facility will enable the company to strengthen the balance sheet along with short-term flexibility. However, VAH was taking more time in order to repay the unsecured loan facilities (Freed, 2016). According to the report, the in 2015, the company is able to make revenue including sales (CAPA, 2016). Based on the review of the capital structure, the company is able to maintain their balance sheet, thereby enhancing their cash flow and profitability. In order to improve the financial performances, the company emphasizes maximizing the earning capacity in the year 2016, wherein it is able to set a benchmark in the Australian market by expanding the market share, thereby providing the quality services to the air travelers to the expected level as well (Virgin Australia, 2015). The company has around four major shareholder s those are providing the sources of funding and secured loan facilities. Therefore, the effective capital structure of the company will be more helpful in maximizing the long- term growth as well as value for the shareholders (Virgin Australia, 2015). Risk and Return The financial concept is based on bearing the risk and yielding return. The risk and return are interrelated to each other in which shows that higher the risk involved than higher will be the return. The return can be calculated by reducing the amount of investment, which has been included in the final amount (Mc Graw Hill Australia 2011). In order to ensure the effectiveness of the capital structure and mitigate the associated risks, it has expanded the networks in the international market by collaborating with other companies including Singapore Airlines, Etihad and Delta Airlines. The company started a joint venture with the Tiger Airlines, which has enabled the company to gain competitive advantage in the market. The acquisition of the SkyWest also enabled the company to maintain its capital structures as well (CAPA, 2016). In order to retain the positive rate of return and maximize the wealth of VAH, the investors intend to purchase the financial asset, which is helpful to imple ment appropriate decisions regarding the financial investment (Virgin Australia, 2016). Analysis of Dividend Payout Policy The dividend or payout policy can be considered as the framework, which provides guidance to the company in implementing decisions regarding the amount earnings to be paid to the shareholders. The payout policy has a significant role in case of distribution of profit or any kind of dividend distribution policies. It helps the company in augmentation of the earnings, thereby encouraging the shareholders to make appropriate decisions for the growth of the company. In case, the investors do not prefer to follow the companys dividend policy, they can sell the parts of the equities in order to enhance the capital (CS Investing, 2016). The payout policy can be categorized into different forms, which includes surplus policy, fixed policy, steadily increasing policy, fixed payout rate and low normal dividend and extra dividend policy (Mei Xing, 2015). As per the report of Virgin Australia Airlines Pty Ltd (2013), the company emphasizes to maintain the balances sheet. In this regard, the company has tried to compensate the debt and maintain the liquidity with limited borrowings. The VAH believes in reviewing the dividend policy rather than declaring extra dividend. According to the report presented by Murmann Cogin (2012), the company has stopped paying dividends after it has been listed under ASX at the end of 2014. Based on the stated information, it can therefore be affirmed that the dividend policy of the company mostly rely on the factors such as financial condition, financial requirements, financial agreements and earnings of the company. In addition to this, the VAH dividend policy is initiated or implemented based on the decision of directors of the company (Murmann Cogin, 2012). In the present market situation, VAH has not decided to declare the extra dividend to its shareholders unless they are able to repay the debt as of the year ended 2012. Initially, the company will focus on strengthening the balance, minimize the economic uncertainties, and support the future strategic plans and procedures. The payout policy will be reviewed only during certain circumstances such as requirement of cash. In order to compensate the debt, the company has further initiated the Game Change Program, which strengthens the capital structure of the company and intends to gain competitive advantages in the market. This program will enable the company to maintain the economic stability and attain the growth opportunities for the commercial aspects. With the help of the Game Change Program, the company has been able to maintain its financial and operating performances. In addition, along with the strategy of Game Change, the company aims to stabilize the stock price with the help of fixed payout policy as well as the information provided through the fixed payout policy help the investors to anticipate that if the future growth could remain stable or not (Mei Xing, 2015). From a different perspective, in order to retain sufficient profit, the companys profit growth rate has to be higher as compared to the dividend growth rate. Therefore, the steady increasing dividend policy enables the investors of VAH Ltd to obtain the information regarding the overall performance, thereby reducing the risk of business in the long run. On the other hand, the low normal dividend and extra dividend policy will also be adopted by VAH after repaying or stabilizing the financial ability of the company. Thus, it can be asserted that this dividend policy initiated by VAH will ensure the flexibility within the operations, thereby reducing the risks and solving the problems related to the payout policies (Mei Xing, 2015). Conclusions The study discusses about the financial concepts and principles concerning the operations and overall financial performance of VAH Ltd, which is recognized as the leading airline company in Australia. The company serves under both the national and international airline market. The company is specialized in offering quality services to its customers within lesser possible cost. The study emphasizes analyzing the financial performance of the company and the risk profile indicated certain possible risk factors due to which the company is not able to mitigate their financial obligations. Based on the overall financial performance of the company, it can be asserted that the possible risks associated with the company include changes in technologies and geographical such as bad weather and natural disasters, fluctuation in the currency value, increasing cost of fuel and increasing landing and transit fees. Concerning the return performance, it is also observed that the present financial pos ition of the company is comparatively down, as it has been experiencing continuous loss for a certain period of time due to fall in the net income and increase in the percentage of sales and administrative costs. Apart from this, the company is currently consuming excessive time for reimbursing the unsecured loan that was taken for maintaining the balance sheet, which implies negative consequences in the long run. Based on the debt to equity ratio of the company, it can be understood that the company is engaged in financing for business growth along with debt and volatility in earnings. Through the analysis of dividend policy of VAH Ltd, it is also observed that the company is not willing to declare a dividend unless they are able to repay the debt. In order to strengthen the balance sheet and make their business strategies more effective, the company has implemented the Game Change strategy, which is expected to provide positive outcome in this competitive era. References CAPA. (2016). Virgin Australia Holdings Limited. Retrieved September 21, 2016, from https://centreforaviation.com/profiles/airline-groups/virgin-australia-holdings-limited CS Investing. (2016). 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