The Decision Making Process as It Relates to Planning

Decision making is the cognitive process leading to the selection of a course of action among alternatives. Usually the decision making process is implemented resulting from an identified problem that needs to be addressed and remedied. Each decision making process produces a final choice, which is called a decision. Planning is an integral part of the process. Without an organized plan, a final decision will be very difficult to achieve. Planning and decision making are very similar, yet very distinct processes by which organizational goals are met. If the two processes are implemented properly, they can complement each other so that goals can be realized in the most efficient and effective manner possible. Planning involves†¦show more content†¦Identifying the decision criteria and allocating weights to the criteria are components of the specific plans within the planning process. Identifying what is relevant to the purchase and giving each priority the correct weig ht helped the plan to come to fruition. Every element of the process must be specified so that the best decision will be made. The fourth step in the decision making process required very specific planning and research. Identifying viable alternatives that have the correct criteria is very important when making such a large investment. Our company wanted to review three different products that could resolve our reporting problems, yet we were only able to find two, Deltek and Microsoft s Navision. Once the two products were identified, demonstrations were set up to begin the fifth step of the process. Analyzing the alternatives is accomplished by appraising each product against the criteria outlined in step two and three of the process. Deltek and Navision are similar products in that they both provide similar reports and information needed. Yet, they are substantially different products. Deltek is a financial accounting software program and Navision is an ERP (Enterprise Re source Planning) system that attempts to integrate all data and processes of an organization into a single unified system. In terms of price, Deltek isShow MoreRelatedManagement And Future Direction Of A Business1072 Words   |  5 PagesChapter Overview Chapter 3 talks about how decision-making skills are put to work in making strategic choices for the management and future direction of a business. Goals that companies make are targets or results that managers hope to achieve. Managers must plan out what needs to get done, when it will get done, who will do it and how it will be done. When it comes to plans, there are two basic components: goals and action. â€Å"Formal plans are written documents that capture key strategic objectivesRead MoreManagement Strategy And Decision Making1157 Words   |  5 PagesJared Dandridge Part 3: Management Strategy and Decision Making a. 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Ongoing 2 Discussion Questions Respond to weekly discussion questions. 5/245/26 2 Learning Team Instructions Resource: Learning Team CharterCreate the Learning Team Charter. 5/27 2 IndividualDecision-Making Process Paper Resource: Ch. 3 of Management:

Social Transformation Of Women s Educational...

This study examines the social transformation of the women’s educational opportunities in the early nineteenth-century America. Although the revolution of women’s role in our society has deep roots, this ongoing movement was originated from two major pioneers: Mary Lyon and Catherine Beecher. Their effort in negotiating educational equality has made a considerable impact on the advancement of women’s rights in our society. To fight for what was right, these women chose education as their best weapon. The pursuit of independence began with these leaders challenging the society and rejecting the traditional beliefs embedded within. Mutually reinforcing, their work registered significant developments in the academic society. As usually demonstrated, women’s responsibilities in the society have been programmed to be limited to domestic household tasks: cleaning, cooking, raising children, social etiquette, sewing, knitting, etc. The goal was to present them as a beautified status symbol. Parents raised their daughters for the same mission; to become a properly adequate as housewives for their partners. As Clifford and Redding explain, â€Å"the exposà © of education for social control† as a concept makes an important intermediate factor in the relationship between learning experiences and social structures. These societal norms derived from a blend of many factors. Religious prescriptions, civil society expectations, and political barriers drew the contours of gender injustice. WomenShow MoreRelatedAfrican American History And Education Of All Perspectives Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pagesto include African American History, Women s History, Asian American History, Latino American History, etc. As a result, students are getting the multicultural education they disserve through education of all perspectives. One can only hope all schools reach beyond stage 3 and have the privilege to be in Stage 5. 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Competitive Strategy and Business Model

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Strategy and Business Model. Answer: Introduction: This report discusses two business keywords, which include strategy and business model. The report states the importance of strategy and business model for an organization, and their process and application in the organization too. The two organizations that are McDonald and Dell Ltd are selected to discuss what strategy is and importance of innovation in the business models in the organizations. Idea In actually, what strategy is and its implementation The word strategy is one of the complex keywords in the corporate world. Today, the reason for the failure of most of the startups or well set up organization is incapability of management to exactly define what are organization goals and its strategy. The strategy defines that where the organization is competing, how to strategically position itself in such that it pushes consumers to buy the products of the organization when a large number of similar products are available in the market. Along with this, it also defines that what uniqueness the product of organization has, what unique value organization create, how to sustain the values in the market and what resources organization uses to do the valuable delivery of the product (Kryscynski, 2015). There is a big difference between the goals and the strategy, and to get the success, it is necessary for the organization to separate those two things properly but with alignment. For example, if any organization calming that they want to be the low-cost provider that has value in the perception of consumers, then this is their goal, here the strategy of the organization is to find out the ways of low-cost production and delivery of them that is different from the other organization and creates a unique position. The actual meaning of strategy is to plan, design and implements the various activities to achieve the goals of the company. The uniqueness of idea is not the only way to get success, timely implementation of the unique idea is also required and this timely implementation known as a strategic implection and control (Freedman, 2013). Therefore, integration of idea and strategy is the sine qua non to get success for any organisation. Organization McDonald McDonald is the a famous chain of fast food restaurants having a presence in more than 120 countries. McDonald is one of the successful organizations in the global market which can be attributed to its successful strategy of standardizing processes (McDonald, 2016). There is also a large number of organizations in the market that are related to fast food chain but they are not as successful as McDonald is. The reason behind of success of this organization is to do proper defining of organization goals and organization strategy. The tactics that organization uses to deliver their product is very efficient. The organization sells hygienic food at the reasonable prices. The goal of the organization is to be a global leader by using different - different strategies. The organization acts as a domestic player but relies on the global market. They have different strategies in the different market. The organization makes its strategy flexible and implements it in the market as per the need of the business, for instance, pricing strategy. McDonalds target customers are the age group of 18 to 30, so it does pricing of its products accordingly (Verweire, 2014). The organization does not change the quality of product despite the change in price. McDonald does not have a same price of the product in the market. Somewhere the price of their product is high for example, in USA, UK and somewhere it is low such as in India as they customize their strategy as per the local market. Company maintains an overall strategy across the world and to some extent, it is customized based on the different cultural and local factors to achieve the overall company goals. Key Ideas: The success of business depends to a great extent upon the organization's business model. Business model has vital role in the success or failure of the organizations. To get success, it is necessary for the organization to reinvent their business model as per time and demand of the market. Those organizations that do not bring innovation in their business model, cannot sustain in the market. Nokia is the live example that came to bottom from highs due to obsolesce of its business model. Every organization has a good amount of productive employees, sufficient resources, and adequate market knowledge but all the organizations do not have same revenue generation (HSGUniStGallen, 2013). It is a business model that makes them different from others. The innovation of business model does not mean that organization change their whole business model or create that thing that has never been happening in the industry. Organization uses the adequate process to restructure the business model. Th e ideal process of restructuring business model is initiation, ideation, integration and implementation. It includes the analyzing of the current structure of business, compares with other business models, benchmarking, checking the consistency of the business, and then implement the changes that require for achieving success. However, the possible impact of change should be properly evaluated and analyzed before implementation to preclude the bad impact of the change in the organization. Sometimes the initial results came from the changes are negative but the organization should have a long-term commitment towards it (Kaplan, 2012). The business model is the heart of the organization and timely restructuring of it is mandatory for the organizations to keep running and maintain sustainability in the market. Organization Dell Dell is the multinational IT Company having a large customer base. The origin of dell is from the USA. The product line of dell is not large but it deals with limited product lines. The major products of the organization are personal computers, softwares, and printers. The organization was successful in implementing an innovative business model where customers could directly place the customized orders of PCs and laptops as per their requirements. The organization put full effort to maintain the productivity in the chosen business model (Dell, 2016). They also do a restructuring of their business model timely which has been the case over the period of last few years. Dell is famous for the innovation in their supply chain in its business model. Dell has various supply models. In one model, company sells their product with the help of retailers and their own exclusive stores like another company, and the second one is termed as configure via order and built as per customer desire. Und er this supply chain model, Dell makes the product as per the demand of the customer. The organization takes orders from the customer as per their requirements of features, organization take these order via their own websites. In this process, organization enjoys big profit because the organization makes a direct contact with customers (Afuah, 2014). These supply chain structure also increase the reliability, sustainability or trust of the organization in the market because these structures satisfies the actual need and desire of the customers. Conclusion: From above report, it can be concluded effective strategy which is well defined and effectively executed is the most important weapon of the organization to combat the competition in the market. At the same time, innovation in business model play a vital role in the success of the organization too. Innovation and creativity in its business model differentiate the organization from others as well as create a distinct value of the company in the market. References: Kryscynski, D. (2015) [Online]. What is strategy?. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TD7WSLeQtVw [Accessed: 24 August 2016] HSGUniStGallen (2013) [Online]. Business model innovation. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4ZSGQW0UMI [Accessed: 24 August 2016] Freedman, s. (2013) Strategy: A History. Australia: Oxford University Press. Verweire, K. (2014) Strategy Implementation. UK: Routledge. Kaplan, S. (2012) The Business Model Innovation Factory: How to Stay Relevant When The World is Changing. USA: John Wiley Sons. Afuah, A. (2014) Business Model Innovation: Concepts, Analysis, and Cases. UK: Routledge. Dell (2016) [Online]. Company Information. Available at: https://www.dell.com/learn/in/en/incorp1/about-dell [Accessed: 24 August 2016] McDonald (2016) [Online]. About us. Available at: https://www.mcdonalds.com/us/en-us/about-us/our-history.html [Accessed: 24 August 2016]

Kirk Franklin - free essay sample

If you want a precise and detailed summary of Kirk Franklins Let It Go, this could be what you are looking for. This song is taken from his sixth album Hero which came out in 2005 and won two Grammies in late 2006. Kirk has nine great albums, but personally I think hero is the best. The album Hero was preceded by Kirks fifth album the Rebirth of Kirk Franklin which talked mainly about the return to his family. Heros sound is somehow more refined and refreshing than his earlier albums. The album stayed on the Billboard Gospel Albums Chart for 49 weeks making the way for Kirk to receive his third Grammy. Kirk Franklin was born on January 26, 1970, he has been writing music ever since the late 90s. Kirks Let It Go talks about the trial and tribulations he went through before he became a born again Christian. The song has the combined rhythms of todays and old time rap. We will write a custom essay sample on Kirk Franklin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His music carries out religious messages as a preacher in a pulpit on a Sunday morning. The main reason why he wrote this song was because he felt that life was too overwhelming and he wanted to let it go. This song is meant for reaching out to the youth of today so that we wouldnt feel alone if we are going through some of the things he went through. He was abandoned by his parents when he was two, and was left with his Aunt Gertrude who really loved and cared for him. As he grew older peer pressure started to get to him that he ended up having a child at the age of 17. He kept on drifting away from the church, and even got into drugs, but then when one of his best friends died at age 15, he realized that that life wasnt meant for him. He went back to the church for the last time, and this time he was there to stay. Kirk is a very parent- friendly guy. Parents love him because he was not perfect growing up but as he grew older he realized that church is where he belonged and stoppe d getting into trouble. His appearance is very casual. One of his other songs on Hero called Couldve been thanks God for everything he has done for him and tells God that even though his life was a mess, it couldve been worse. I think that Kirk is a great artist who wants the youth of today to act their best and not get into trouble. Honestly, I am inspired by him and wish to meet him one day. If you like youth Christian rap and like hearing the lives of artists through their music or like listening to gospel artists such as Fred Hammond and Donny McKlurkin, Kirk Franklins album Hero is what I recommend . These artists sometimes work together to write their music so there is a little bit of each of these artists in all their music. If you like Mary Marys Thank You featuring Kirk Franklin, I would also recommend this album to you. The album is better than watching the video on you tube. It is only costs $14.77, but the power of this album is priceless. So go out buy and enjoy it, and I promise you wont be disappointed.

Dónde tomar clases gratis para el examen de ciudadanía

Dà ³nde tomar clases gratis para el examen de ciudadanà ­a Los residentes permanentes legales pueden tomar clases gratis con numerosas organizaciones para estudiar los exmenes de inglà ©s y de conocimientos histà ³ricos y cà ­vicos, los cuales forman parte de los requisitos para adquirir la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por el trmite de la  naturalizacià ³n. En este artà ­culo se listan 40 organizaciones - y sus respectivos nà ºmeros telefà ³nicos- ubicadas en los 12  estados con mayor poblacià ³n latina que brindan gratuitamente clases para la ciudadanà ­a. Adems, muchas de ellas tambià ©n ayudan para completar el formulario N-400, con el cual se inicia la tramitacià ³n de la solicitud de la naturalizacià ³n.   Los migrantes que residen en otros estados encontrarn, al final de este artà ­culo, un telà ©fono al que pueden marcar desde cualquier parte de Estados Unidos para solicitar informacià ³n sobre organizaciones locales que prestan este servicio. Finalmente, antes de presentar este documento se recomienda a todos los residentes permanentes verificar si califican para no pagar la tarifa correspondiente que, en la actualidad, es de $725, incluidos los $85 de la toma de los datos biomà ©tricos.  ¿Donde tomar clases gratis para examen de ciudadanà ­a? Todas las organizaciones que se listan a continuacià ³n forman parte de la campaà ±a para Nuevos Ciudadanos Americanos, liderada  por el Immigrant Legal Resource Center y del que forman parte asociaciones sin fines de lucro, fundaciones, organizaciones religiosas y despachos de abogados. Las organizaciones religiosas en este listado atienden a todos los migrantes;  es decir, no es necesario practicar su religià ³n para recibir este tipo de ayuda. Arizona International Rescue Committee. Tel: 602-433-2440Chicanos por la Causa. Tel: 602-257-0700. E-mail: infocplc.orgPromise ArizonaFriendly House. Tel: 602-416-7210. E-mail: evelynsfriendlyhouse.org, a la atencià ³n de Evelyn SenzCampesinos sin Frontera. Tel: 928-627-5995. En el condado de Yuma California Immigrant Legal Resource Center en el rea de Central Valley. Tel: 415-255-9499NALEO Educational Fund en la zona de Los AngelesInstituto Internacional del Area de la Bahà ­a, en zona de San Francisco. Tel. 415-538-8100 ext. 206Public Law Center, en el rea del condado de Orange. Tel: 714-541-1010Ready Now San Diego, en el rea de San Diego. Tel: 619-363-3423Services Immigrant Rights Educational Services, zona de Sillicon Valley. Tel: 408-453-3017 Carolina del Norte Carolina Refugee Resettlement Program. Tel: 704-535-8803  Insteep. Tel: 919-680-8000. Email: infoinstepp.orgLa Coalicià ³n. Tel: 888-839-8682. Cobra una pequeà ±a tarifa. Colorado Puede contactar a Colorado Immigrants Rights Coalition en: Denver.  Tel: 303-922-2244Montrose. Tel:970-249-4115 Florida Brevard Hispanic Center. Tel: 321-802-9516. Zona de Palm BayCatholic Legal Services. Tel: 305-372-1073 (Downtown Miami) y 305-887-8333 (Doral)Hispanic Services Council. Tel: 813-936-7700. TampaJustice Shall Be for All. Tel: 407-556-5955. Email: infojusticeshallbeforall.org. KissimmeeRedlands Christian Migrant Association. Tel: 800-282-6540. Area de Immokalee Georgia Catholic Charities of Atlanta. Tel: 770-790-3104GALEO. Tel: 885-54GALEOLatin American Association. Tel: 404-638-1800 (Atlanta), 404-702-0271 (Athens), 678-205-1018 (Lawrenceville)New American Pathways. Tel: 404-299-6099. Afiliada con el Church World Service and Episcopal Migration Ministries.Oficina del alcalde de Atlanta para Asuntos Migratorios. Email: welcomingatlantaatlantaga.gov Illinois Esperanza Legal Assistant Center. Tel: 309-732-0047Hispanic American Community Education and Services. Tel: 847-244-0300. Email: infohaces.orgIllinois Coalition for Immigrant and Refugee Rights. Tel: 855-435-7693 Nueva York Catholic Migration Services. Tel: 728-236-3000 (Brooklyn), 347-472-3500 (Queens)CUNY Citizenship Now. Tel: 646-664-9400Dominicanos USA. Tel: 718-665-0400. Email: contactdominicanosusa.orgMake the Road New York. Tel: 718-418-7690Northern Manhattan Coalition for Immigrant Rights. Tel: 212-781-0355Oficina del Alcalde de Nueva York para Asuntos Migratorios. Tel: 212-788-7654Oficina del Estado de Nueva York para Nuevos Americanos. Tel: 1-800-566-7636 Nueva Jersey Make the Road New Jersey. Tel: 908-768-4991 Nuevo Mà ©xico New Mexico State University. Tel: 575-234-9280 (Carlsbad)Catholic Charities brinda ayuda a bajo costo en 2010 Bridge SW (Albuquerque) y en 1234 San Felipe Ave (Santa Fe) Texas American Gateways. Tel: 512-478-046, ext. 200 (Austin), 210-521-4768, ext. 232/233 (San Antonio), y 512-387-2650 (Waco)Catholic Charities of Dallas. Tel: 214-634-7182Catholic Charities of Galveston and Houston. Tel: 713-526-4611Proyecto Inmigrante. Tel: 888-793-2182. Oficinas en Dallas, Fort Worth y Wichita Falls Washington Colectiva Legal del Pueblo. Tel: 206-931-1514. Email: infocolectivalegal.orgOficina de Seattle para Inmigrantes y Refugiados. Tel: 202-727-8515.One America. Realizan Dà ­as de la Ciudadanà ­a por todo el estado. Adems, desde todos los estados se puede marcar a la Asociacià ³n Nacional de Oficiales Latinos Electos  (NALEO, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) al 888-839-8682. Esta là ­nea se atiende en inglà ©s y en espaà ±ol y se ofrece informacià ³n sobre otros centros cercanos adonde se puede acudir para solicitar ayuda en la preparacià ³n de los exmenes de inglà ©s, historia y conocimientos cà ­vicos para sacar la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n. Recursos en là ­nea para preparar el examen para la ciudadanà ­a Los residentes permanentes que consideren que es suficiente si estudian por sà ­ mismos, pueden practicar el examen en la pgina de la organizacià ³n Citizenship Works o en la pgina de UScitizenshipsupport.com. En ambas pginas se informa sobre las 100 preguntas de conocimientos cà ­vicos e historia que pueden ser preguntadas y tambià ©n se brindan tips memorà ­sticas para facilitar recordar las respuestas correctas el dà ­a del examen. Tambià ©n se ofrece informacià ³n prctica sobre quà © esperar el dà ­a de la entrevista y examen. Asimismo, en la pgina del Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) se brinda material para practicar el examen cà ­vico y el de inglà ©s. Es de interà ©s verificar siempre esta pgina porque actualiza posibles cambios a las preguntas. Por ejemplo, los nombres del presidente, vicepresidente,  partido en el gobierno y representantes locales ante el Congreso. Informacià ³n prctica sobre el examen para ciudadanà ­a por naturalizacià ³n Como regla general, actualmente la cita para presentarse al examen de inglà ©s y conocimientos histà ³ricos y cà ­vicos tiene lugar entre 6 y 8 meses despuà ©s de la presentacià ³n de los papeles. El examen, salvo casos excepcionales por edad o enfermedad o discapacidad, deber rendirse siempre y en inglà ©s. El mismo dà ­a tiene lugar la entrevista.   Si el migrante reprueba el examen, deber repetirlo. USCIS enviar una carta con una nueva cita entre 60 y 90 dà ­as despuà ©s.  Si de nuevo reprueba, la peticià ³n de naturalizacià ³n se negar y se deber iniciar desde cero un nuevo proceso de naturalizacià ³n y pagar una nueva tarifa. Por el contrario, si el migrante pasa el examen y la entrevista, como regla general jurar como ciudadano estadounidense entre 1 y 4 semanas despuà ©s de haber aprobado dicho examen. Es recomendable no viajar fuera de Estados Unidos desde la fecha en la que se aprueba el examen y la de juramentacià ³n y, si se hace, que sea por un corto periodo de tiempo. Finalmente, a la hora de adquirir la nacionalidad americana es  importante conocer las ventajas y derechos que se adquieren con esta ciudadanà ­a. Uno de los beneficios no muy conocido es que en promedio los ciudadanos ganan a lo largo de su vida laboral un 11 por ciento ms que los residentes permanentes legales.   Tambià ©n se puede votar en elecciones federales. Para ejercer el derecho al voto es necesario registrarse previamente segà ºn las leyes del estado en el que se reside. Puntos Clave: clases gratis para la ciudadanà ­a por naturalizacià ³n. Los residentes permanentes legales pueden nacionalizarse y adquirir la ciudadanà ­a  estadounidense mediante el trmite de la naturalizacià ³n.Los exmenes de inglà ©s leà ­do y escrito y de conocimientos histà ³ricos y cà ­vicos es parte del trmite de naturalizacià ³n.Numerosas organizaciones brindan clases gratis para ayudar a los migrantes a aprobar dichos  exmenes.NALEO Educational Fund es la coordinara nacional de muchas de  esas organizaciones a travà ©s de la Campaà ±a Citizenship Works. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

What Is the IB Program, and What Are IB Classes

What Is the IB Program, and What Are IB Classes SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips One factor some students consider when choosing a high school is whether it has an International Baccalaureate program. Sometimes compared with the Advanced Placement (AP) program, the IB program allows students to take college-level courses while in high school. So what is International Baccalaureate? What is the IB Program and an IB Diploma, and why are IB classes worth taking?In this article, we introduce all things IB, including the diploma requirements and features of the exam. We also tell you whether you have to get an IB diploma in order to earn college credit for your IB classes. What Is IB? An Overview The International Baccalaureate (IB) program was designed in Switzerland in the 1960s. Its purpose was to give students around the world a chance to earn a rigorous, internationally recognized diploma, which they could then use for entry into universities. (You can read more about the history and philosophy of the IB program on the official IB website. ) To earn an IB diploma, you have to go to an IB-approved school and meet the requirements, including taking classes in the six subject groups, passing the IB exams, and completing three additional core requirements. But what if you don’t want to do the diploma? It's also possible to take a few IB classes without doing the full-blown diploma program, though each high school has its own policy on this. How Does College Credit Work for IB? IB exams are recognized for college credit in a way similar to how AP exams are used. You don’t have to earn the IB diploma to get credit for individual classes, as colleges give credit course by course. For example, check outStanford’s chart for IB credit. IB classes come in two forms: "higher level" and "standard level" (we will discuss this in more detail below). Some colleges only give credit for the higher-level classes (as Stanford does). Also,some colleges will completely waive general education requirements for students who have completed the full IB diploma.See the University of Utah’s policy here as an example. This means that a student with an IB diploma could totally skip gen ed classes and jump right into their major. This would obviously save a ton of time and money,and shows why getting the IB diploma can be a huge advantage. To find a school’s policy on IB credit, search for "[School Name] IB credit policy." Most universities have a dedicated web page for explaining their IB credit policy. What Are the Benefits of the IB Program? One of the chief benefits of the IB program is that it provides academic preparation for college. IB courses are known for being interdisciplinary, requiring a good deal of independent thinking, and assigning oral presentations and original research- all characteristics of college courses. Spoiler alert: college-level research involves a bit more work than just Googling something. Especially if you earn the full IB diploma, your IB courses will be a great way of showing that you have taken tough courses in a range of subjects,from math to English to history to science, and are able to manage college-level coursework. As we discussed before, colleges want to see that you've taken the most advanced classes available to you.And taking IB is a great way to do just that. In addition to getting preparation for college, you can get credit for college classes by passing IB exams. Again, you don’t need to complete the full IB diploma in order to earn credit, so if you don’t think you can fit the IB diploma into your schedule, it might still benefit you to take a few individual IB classes. Unfortunately, taking an IB exam isn’t cheap. There's a $172 registration fee as well as a $119 fee per exam. While this is a lot of money, it is much less than the tuition you would pay for the same intro-level college course. Many schools also have their own financial aid programs for IB. Learn more about IB costs here. What Are the 6Core Courses in the IB Program? To earn the full IB diploma, you have to take courses from six subjects, one each from groups 1-5, and either one from group 6 or a substitute from one of the other groups: Group 1: Studies in Language and Literature (most likely an English literature course if you’re an American student) Group 2: Language Acquisition (a foreign language course) Group 3: Individuals and Societies (history, economics, geography, other social sciences) Group 4: Experimental Sciences (biology, chemistry, physics, other sciences) Group 5: Mathematics Group 6: The Arts (dance, theater, visual arts, etc.) Between three and four subjects must be taken at the â€Å"higher level† (HL) and the rest at the â€Å"standard level† (SL) in order to earn the diploma. Higher-level courses are more challenging- IB recommends a minimum of 240 hours of instructional time for HL courses, and 150 hours for SL courses. Some schools handle the higher-level requirements by having students take the SL or AP version of a course first, and the HL version second, thereby forming a two-year sequence. For example, you might take AP English Literature as a junior, and then Higher-Level IB English as a senior. Also, note thatmany high schools with IB programs have recommended four-year plans to help students fit in all the requirements,since there's a lot to keep track of. Therefore, you won't necessarily have to do a bunch of schedule-planning on your own. If your school or a school you're interested in has an IB program, get in touch with the guidance counseling office to find out whether they have recommended IB class sequences. This can help you if you're deciding which high school to attend, or if you can’t decide whether you want to take IB classes or not. What Are IB Exams? For each of those six core classes, you also have to take an IB exam. IB exams are given in May (or November for southern hemisphere schools). They have two parts: an external assessment and internal assessment. The external assessment is the more traditional exam portion, and consists of two or three "papers," usually done on the same day or a few days in a row. A paper is essentially an exam section, and they usually have a combination of multiple-choice, short-answer, extended-response, and data- or case-analysis questions. You won't spend much time bubbling in answers on an IB exam. The papers are graded by independent examiners- similar to how AP exams are graded by certified AP graders. The internal assessments are done by the teacher. These can include oral presentations, practical work (such as a written lab report), or other written work. 5% or more of the internal assessments will also be graded by a moderator appointed by IB- and based on this moderation, the grading curve of that subject at the school will be set. IB exams are graded from 1 to 7, with 6 and 7 considered an A, and anything 4 and up generally considered a passingscore (though IB doesn’t set official passing grades). Most colleges give IB credit for scores of 5 and higher. To earn the IB diploma, you need to score an average of 4 on each exam to get the minimum 24 needed points. You canlearn more about IB examson the IB website. What Are the 3Core Requirements in the IB Program? In addition to IB classes and exams, there are three more core requirements students must complete to earn an IB diploma. Read about them below: #1: The Extended Essay This is an independent research essay of up to 4,000 words that's graded externally by IB. It has to be focused on one academic subjectand written on a topic that's been approved by IB. Students are awarded points toward their diploma based on how well they do on the essay. #2: Theory of Knowledge (TOK) Class This class teaches the nature of knowledge and builds skills in critical thinking. Students have to complete a presentation (graded by the teacher) and a 1,600-word essay (graded externally) to pass this course. #3: Creativity, Activity, Service (CAS) Lastly, students are required to participate in anactivity outside of class, either community service, athletics, or creative activities.For most students, their regular extracurricular activities and sports count for these hours, meaning that they don't need to add anything to their schedules in order to fulfill this requirement. IB vs AP: Key Similarities and Differences We have a complete rundown of AP vs IB in this post, which includes a guide to deciding between the two programs. That being said, here are some of the key similarities and differences between the two. What’s the Same? Both the AP and IB programs allow you to take a challenging course followed by an exam that you can earn college credit for. In some schools, they're even the same course (e.g. AP/IB French, AP/IB Biology, etc.). AP and IB are generally the most challenging courses available to high school students. Unless you're able to sign up for local college courses or do advanced independent projects and research, AB and IB are likely the best (and most convenient) way for you to begin preparing for college. What’s Different? Although both programs offer challenging courses for high school students, there are a lot of differences in how they do so. Popularity Advanced Placement is by far the more popular program.In 20142.3 million students took AP tests, and in 2017 this number rose to more than 2.7 million. By contrast,only about 160,000 students took IB exams in 2017. The diploma pass rate was 78.4%. Some families opt for the IB program over the AP program as it's rarer and can help set students apart in the admissions process. Diploma IB was designed as a diploma program (although, as we discussed above, it is possible to take just a few IB classes for college credit). Meanwhile,the AP program was designed around advanced classes- not a diploma. (That said, the AP has created a competitor to IB via the AP International Diploma, whichyou can read about here.) Class Curricula IB curricula are stricter for teachers. IB has certain required assignments your teacher has to grade, such as oral presentations, as part of the internal assessment. In contrast, AP teachers have a bit more freedom in how they may teach an AP course, just so long as they're effectively preparing students for the exam. Difficulty IB Higher Level courses are often considered more difficult than APs, whereas IB Standard Level courses are considered the same as or easier than APs. Keep in mind that how difficult a class is to pass at your school will vary depending on the teacher and his or her curriculum. Exam Content IB exams contain more writing and application of ideas, whereas APs are more about proving what you know. This is why AP exams have more multiple choice, while the IB exams feature more short-response questions, essays, and case studies. Cost IB exams are more expensive than AP tests since there's a registration fee and a fee per exam. For AP exams, you just pay for the exam, which is $94. Remember that these fees are much lower than college tuition for the same classes! College Credit Getting AP credit can be more straightforward since more US colleges are familiar with it and the College Board officially sets a passing grade (3 out of 5) while IB does not. Furthermore, because AP courses only come in one difficulty level, it can be easier for colleges to set credit policies for AP exams. For IB, colleges have to decide how they'll handle Standard Level and Higher Level courses. However, for both IB and AP, the higher your passing score is, the more likely you are to get credit for college. For example, an AP exam score of 5 nearly always earns credit, the same as an IB score of 7 does. Don't forget this when you're studying! What’s Next? You know a lot about IB- but what about AP? See our guide to what AP classes are and why you should take them. Also studying for the SAT or ACT? Figure out which exam you're more likely to do the best on! Get a timeline for studying for the SAT/ACT. Planning ahead will give you the opportunity to get a higher score on test day! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Child abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Child abuse - Essay Example He therefore recommends that parents should be treated alongside their children through the use of therapeutic techniques that will make them more sensitive to each other's needs. This is followed by a research into the effectiveness of home-visits by social welfare units in checking child abuse. The final paper examined is the writing of Dr. Jim Hooper about statistics into child abuse and why children are not reporting abuses. The paper ends by making recommendations based on these empirical findings of these authorities. Keywords: Child abuse, culture, society, community, violence, sexual abuse Introduction Child abuse is a major problem that affects the growth of children. Oates (1996, p2) defines child abuse as any non-accidental injury; physical, emotional or sexual that a child suffers from acts or omissions on the part of his or her parents or guardians. Child abuse exists in four main forms (Harelin, 2000 p6). There is the physical abuse which involves actions that harms the body of a child like hitting, kicking, slapping and punching. Usually, physical abuse leaves injuries to a child. There is the emotional abuse which includes anything said or done to hurt a child's feelings or self esteem. Examples include frequent blaming, insult and shouting. Harelin states that this is the most destructive form of abuse to children. There is neglect which involves ignoring or choosing not to take care of a child's basic needs like food, shelter and clothing (Harelin, 2006, p7). Finally, there is the issue of sexual abuse which involves the use of actions related to sex to harm a child. Examples include rape, incest and child pornography. These four forms of child abuse are universally accepted as wrong and destructive. Many nations, under the auspices of the United Nations have laws that make these four practices illegal. There are also issues that can be technically defined as child abuse, but its inclusion in statutes is quite controversial (Matthews 2004 p396 ). This include withholding medical care to children, corporal punishment and child maltreatment in youth sports. Several studies have been conducted into child abuse that aim at diagnosing and providing a cue to how the issue of child abuse can be solved using empirical studies. This paper examines four of such studies Children, Childhoods & Violence by Jill Korbin In this article, Jill Korbin identifies the link between culture, the society and child abuse. Korbin therefore uses her in-depth knowledge in anthropology to identify the intervention points of child abuse and the real society. She tries to diagnose the issue of child abuse and measure how it finds its way into the society and vice versa. In other words, she looks at the sociological push and pull factors that brings about the issue of child abuse in societies around the world. In setting the parameters of her discussion, Korbin states that the dynamics of the violent treatment of children can be categorized into settin g, perpetrators, type, severity, age and gender, as well as the cultural context (p431). With these yardsticks, the concept could be examined in a given society either individually or collectively. Korbin states that child abuse could flourish in a given society due to three main factors: cultural promoters, cultural categorization/discrimination and structural violence (p437). Cultural promoters like idiosyncrasies, which include things that